What is this "word art" called among Asia?

[ancalimon]

In Mahmud Al-Kashgari's dictionary "Compendium of the languages of the Turks" I've come across a Turkic proverb which is:

Kişi alası içtin, yılqı alası taştin.

Evil, sickness, whiteness (blackness) of human is inside him, goodness, healthiness, whiteness of a horse is outside it.

The first "alası" carries a bad meaning while the second "alası" carries a good meaning

What is this art called? Are there any other proverbs in which something similar exists in other steppe cultures and/or Asian languages? Are there other words like this?

[solongos]

In china, they are called "Chengyu". Usually idioms made of 4 letter words.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengyu

Japanese calls it "Yojijukugo" and Koreans calls it "Sajasungoh" "Sajasungoh" means 4 letter idioms.