Post by H. İhsan Erkoç on Nov 18, 2004 15:59:39 GMT 3
Here are the list of Celestial Turk (Türük / Kök Türük / Gök Türk / Tūjué [T’u-chüeh] 突厥 ) rulers (note: only the commonly used and commonly known titles are written):
Eastern Rulers:
1 ) Bumïn Il Qaġan:
Years of reign: 551-552.
Name: Bumïn or Tümän in Turkic, Tŭmèn (T’u-men) 土門 in Chinese.
Titles: Bumïn Il Qaġan in Turkic (Bumïn Qaġan in the inscriptions), βwmyn γ'γ'n in Soghdian and Tŭmèn Yīlì Kĕhàn (T’u-men Yi-li K’o-han) 土門伊利可汗 in Chinese.
2 ) Yixiji Qaġan:
Years of reign: 552-553.
Name: Qara in Turkic, Kēluó (K’o-lo) 科羅 in Chinese.
Title: Yĭxījì Kĕhàn (Yi-hsi-chi K’o-han) 乙息記可汗 in Chinese.
3 ) Mugan Qaġan:
Years of reign: 553-572.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Yāndū Sìjīn (Yen-tu Ssu-chin) 燕都俟斤 (Sìjīn 俟斤 = Irkin, a Turkic title) in Chinese.
Title of Qaġanship: If Mugan is Turkic, it should be Buqan or Buġan as words in Old Turkic could not start with the sound M; yet, the existence of a word or name in Turkic as Buqan or Buġan is unknown (however, the name of the Celestial Turk commander who attacked Crimea was written as Bukhanos Βουχανος in Greek). Mwγ'n γ'γ'n in Soghdian and Mùgān Kĕhàn (Mu-kan K’o-han) 木杆可汗 in Chinese.
4 ) Tapar/Taspar Qaġan:
Years of reign: 572-581.
Name: Possibly Tapar in Turkic, T’sp’r (Taspar) in Soghdian.
Title: T’sp’r γ'γ'n in Soghdian and Ta/Tuóbō Kěhàn (T’o-bo K’o-han) 佗鉢 in Chinese.
5 ) Anluo Qaġan: 菴羅:
Year of reign: 581
Name and title: Ānluó (An-lo) 菴羅 in Chinese, but it’s not known whether he got the title Qaġan or not.
(Civil War, Qaġanate divided between several rulers, Näväär unifies the state)
6 ) Ïšbara Qaġan:
Years of reign: 582-587.
Name: Nw’’r (Näväär/Ñevar/Nivar) in Soghdian and Shètú (She-t’u) / Niètú (Nie-t’u) 攝圖 in Chinese.
Titles: Ïšbara Qaġan in Turkic, Nw’’r γ'γ'n in Soghdian, Ĕrfú Kěhàn (Er-fu K’o-han) 爾伏可汗 and Shābōlüè Kěhàn (Sha-po-lüe K’o-han) 沙鉢略可汗 in Chinese.
7 ) Baġa Qaġan:
Years of reign: 587-588.
Name and title before becoming Qaġan: Possibly Čulluġ in Turkic, Yèhù Chŭluóhòu (Ye-hu Ch’u-lo-hou) 葉護處羅侯 (Yèhù 葉護 = Yabġu, autonomous ruler of a half of the state) in Chinese.
Title: Baġa Qaġan in Turkic, Mòhè Kěhàn (Mo-ho K’o-han) 莫賀可汗 in Chinese.
8 ) Dulan Qaġan:
Years of reign: 588-600.
Name: Yōngyúlǘ (Yung-yü-lü) 雍虞閭 in Chinese.
Title: Dū/Dōulán Kěhàn (Tu/Tou-lan K’o-han) 都蘭可汗 in Chinese.
9 ) Qimin Qaġan:
Years of reign: 600-609.
Name: Tūlì (T’u-li) 突利 in Chinese.
Title: Yīlìdou Qĭmín Kěhàn (Yi-li-tou Ch’i-min K’o-han) 伊利(?)啟民可汗 in Chinese.
10 ) Shibi Qaġan:
Years of reign: 609-619.
Name: Duōjíshì/Doují (Tuo-chi-shih/Tou-chi) 咄吉世 in Chinese.
Title: Shĭbì Kěhàn (Shih-pi K’o-han) 始畢可汗 in Chinese.
11 ) Tuli Qaġan:
Years of reign: 619-621.
Name: Possibly Čulluġ in Turkic, Chŭluóhòu (Ch’u-lo-hou) 處羅侯 in Chinese.
Titles: Yabġu Qaġan in Turkic, Tūlì Kěhàn (T’u-li K’o-han) 突利可汗 and Yèhù Kěhàn (Ye-hu K’o-han) 葉護可汗 in Chinese.
12 ) Illig Qaġan:
Years of reign: 621-630.
Name: Duōbì (To-bi) 咄苾 in Chinese.
Title: Il/Illig Qaġan in Turkic and Xié/Jiélì Kěhàn (Hsieh/Chieh-li K’o-han) 颉利可汗 / 頡利可汗 in Chinese.
(in 630, Táng [T’ang] 唐 Dynasty destroys the Eastern Qaġanate)
13 ) Dabu Qaġan: Rebellious.
Years of reign: 630-638.
Title: Dabu Kěhàn (Ta-pu K’o-han) (?)(?)可汗 in Chinese.
14 ) Yugu Šad:
Years of reign: 638-639.
Title: Yugu Shè (Yü-ku She) (?)(?)殺 in Chinese (Shè 殺 = Šad, a Turkic title used for general governors).
15 ) Yiminishusilipi Qaġan: Brought by the Táng (T’ang) 唐 Dynasty to the leadership of the Celestial Turks who were settled in China.
Years of reign: 641-643.
Name: Simo (Ssu-mo) (?)(?) in Chinese.
Title: Yiminishusilipi Kěhàn (Yi-mi-ni-shu-ssu-li-p’i K’o-han) (?)(?)(?)(?)(?)(?)(?)可汗 in Chinese.
16 ) Yizhu Chebi Qaġan: Rebellious.
Years of reign: 638/639-648/650.
Name: Hubo (Hu-po) (?)(?) in Chinese.
Titles: Chebi (Ch’e-pi) (?)(?) in Chinese in the beginning, later acquired the title Yizhu Chebi Kěhàn (Yi-chu Ch’e-pi K’o-han) (?)(?)(?)(?)可汗 in Chinese.
17 ) Ashina Nizäk Bäg Qaġan: Rebellious.
Years of reign: 679-680.
Name: Probably Nizäk Bäg in Soghdian-Turkic, Āshǐnà Níshúfú (A-shih-na Ni-shu-fu; Āshǐnà 阿史那 was the ruling tribe of this empire) 阿史那泥熟匐 in Chinese. The Chinese form of Soghdian Nîzäk is Níshú (Ni-shu) 泥熟; whereas Fú 匐 might have been used for Turkic Bäg (Chieftain).
18 ) Ashina Funian Qaġan: Rebellious.
Year of reign: 681.
Name: Āshǐnà Fúniàn (A-shih-na Fu-nien) 阿史那伏念 in Chinese.
19 ) Iltiriš Qaġan: Rebellious but successful.
Years of reign: 682-691.
Name: Qutluġ in Turkic, Āshĭnà Gǔduōlù (A-shih-na Ku-do-lu) 阿史那骨咄祿 in Chinese.
Titles: Qutluġ Qaġan and Iltiriš Qaġan in Turkic, Xié/Jiédiēlìshī Kěhàn (Hsieh/Chieh-tie-li-shih K’o-han) 頡跌利施可汗 and Gǔduōlù Kěhàn (Ku-to-lu K’o-han) 骨咄祿可汗 in Chinese.
20 ) Qapġan Qaġan:
Years of reign: 691-716.
Title before becoming Qaġan: There are view about this being Bögü or Bäg Čor in Turkic, but I support the Bäg Čor theory; Mòchuò (Mo-ch’o) 默啜 in Chinese.
Titles of Qaġanship: Bögü Qaġan and Qapghan Qaġan in Turkic, Mòchuò Kěhàn (Mo-ch’o K’o-han) 默啜可汗 in Chinese.
21 ) Inäl Qaġan:
Year of reign: 716.
Name: Might be Bögü in Turkic, Fújù (Fu-chü) 匐俱 in Chinese.
Title: Inäl Qaġan (according to one view, Ini Il-Qaġan; but I support the Inäl Qaġan theory) in Turkic, Yíniè Kěhàn (Yi-nie K’o-han) 移涅可汗 in Chinese.
22 ) Bilgä Qaġan:
Years of reign: 716-734.
Name: Mòjílián (Mo-chi-lien) 默棘連 in Chinese.
Title: Bilgä Qaġan in Turkic and Píjiā Kěhàn (P’i-chia K’o-han) 毗伽可汗 in Chinese.
23 ) Yiran Qaġan:
Years of reign: 734-740.
Title: Yīrán Kěhàn (Yi-jan K’o-han) 伊然可汗 in Chinese.
24 ) Täŋri Qaġan:
Years of reign: 740-741.
Title: Täŋri Qaġan in Turkic and Cheng/Dēnglì Kěhàn 登利可汗 in Chinese.
25 ) (name and title unknown; one of Bilgä Qaġan's sons)
26 ) (name and title unknown; one of Bilgä Qaġan's sons)
27 ) Qutluġ Yabġu:
Years of reign: 741-742.
Title: Qutluġ Yabġu in Turkic and Gǔduōlù Yèhù (Ku-to-lu Ye-hu) 骨咄祿葉護 in Chinese.
28 ) Ozmïš Qaġan:
Years of reign: 742-744.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Ozmïš Tigin.
Title of Qaġanship: Ozmïš Qaġan (some people read this as Özmiš but it is written Ozmïš in the inscriptions) in Turkic and Wūsūmĭshī Kěhàn (Wu-su-mi-shih K’o-han) 烏蘇米施可汗 in Chinese.
29 ) Baimei Qaġan:
Years of reign: 744-745.
Title: Báiméi Kěhàn (Pai-mei K’o-han) 白眉可汗 in Chinese; it might be Aqqaš Qaġan in Turkic because Báiméi 白眉 means White Eyebrowed in Chinese, but we have no written evidence.
Western Rulers:
1 ) Istämi Yabġu: Not independent
Years of Yabġuship: 552-576.
Name: Istämi in Turkic inscriptions; Silziboulos ΣΙΛΖΙΒΟΥΛΟΣ / Σιλζιβουλοσ, Dizaboulos ΔΙΖΑΒΟΥΛΟΣ / Διζαβουλοσ, Stembis ΣΤΕΜΒΙΣ / Στεμβισ in Greek; Sinjibû ﺴﻨﺠﺒﻮ in Arabic and Shìdiănmì (Shih-tien-mi) 室點蜜 / Shìdìmĭ (Shih-ti-mi) 室帝米 in Chinese.
Titles: Istämi Yabġu in Turkic (Istämi Qaġan in the inscriptions) and Shìdiănmì Yèhù (Shih-tien-mi Ye-hu) 室點蜜葉護 in Chinese.
2 ) Tardu Yabġu/Qaġan: Mostly accepted as independent, some say it's his successor who made the Western Qaġanate independent.
Years of reign: 576-603.
Name: Tardu in Turkic and Soghdian, Dátóu (Ta-t’ou) 達頭 in Chinese.
Titles: Tardu Yabġu/Qaġan in Turkic, Dátóu Kěhàn (Ta-t’ou K’o-han) 達頭可汗 and Bùjiā Kěhàn (Pu-chia K’o-han) 步迦可汗 in Chinese.
3 ) Chuluo Qaġan:
Years of reign: 603-611.
Name: Hésànà (Ho-sa-na) 曷薩那 in Chinese.
Title: Níjuē Chŭluó Kěhàn (Ni-chüeh Ch’u-lo K’o-han) 泥撅處羅可汗 in Chinese.
4 ) Shegui Qaġan:
Years of reign: 611-618.
Title: Shèguì Kěhàn (She-kui K’o-han) 射匱可汗 in Chinese.
5 ) Tong Yabġu Qaġan:
Years of reign: 618-630.
Title: Tǒng Yèhù Kěhàn (T’ung Ye-hu K’o-han) 統野護可汗 in Chinese.
(Rulers after these are vassals of Táng [T’ang] 唐 Dynasty; civil war starts)
6 ) Baġatur Küllüg Sipi Qaġan:
Year of reign: 630.
Titles before becoming Qaġan: Baġatur in Turkic which is Mòhèduō (Mo-ho-to) 莫賀咄 in Chinese and Yǎngsù Tèjìn (Yang-su T’e-chin) 鞅素特靳 (Tèjìn 特靳 = Tigin, prince).
Titles of Qaġanship: Mòhèduō Qūlì Sìpí Kěhàn (Mo-ho-to Ch'ü-li-ssu-p'i K’o-han; Qūlì 屈利 = Küllüg [Famous]) 莫賀咄屈利俟毗可汗, Hou Qūlìpí Kěhàn (Hou Ch'ü-li-p'i K'o-han) (?)屈利毗可汗 or Sì Qūlìsìpí Dūlù (Ssu Ch'ü-li-ssu-p'i Tu-lu) 俟屈利俟毗都陸 in Chinese
7 ) Yipi Boluo Si Yabġu Qaġan:
Years of reign: 630-633.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Xi/Tielì Tèjìn (Hsi/li T'e-chin) 咥利特靳 in Chinese.
Title of Qaġanship: Yĭpí Bōluó Sì/Lü Yèhù Kěhàn (Yi-p'i Po-lo Ssu Ye-hu K’o-han) 乙毗鉢羅肆葉護可汗 in Chinese.
8 ) Tarduš Qaġan:
Years of reign: 633-634.
Name: Nîzäk in Soghdian, Níshú (Ni-shu) 泥孰 in Chinese.
Title: Tarduš Qaġan in Turkic, Duōluó Kěhàn (To-lo K’o-han) 咄羅可汗 in Chinese.
9 ) Ïšbara Ýltiriš Qaġan:
Years of reign: 634-638.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Toŋa Šad in Turkic, Tóng’é Shè (T’ung-e She) 同俄殺 in Chinese.
Title of Qaġanship: Ïšbara Ýltiriš Qaġan in Turkic, Shābōluó Die/Xilìshī Kěhàn (Sha-po-lo Tie/Hsi-li-shih K’o-han) 沙鉢羅咥利失可汗 in Chinese.
(Civil war, the Qaġanate is divided into two)
10 ) Yipi Tarduš Qaġan:
Years of reign: 638-642.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Yugu Shè (?)(?)殺 in Chinese.
Title of Qaġanship: Tarduš Qaġan in Turkic, Yĭpí Duōluó Kěhàn (Yi-p’i To-lo K’o-han) 乙毗咄羅可汗 in Chinese.
11 ) Yiqulishi Yipi Qaġan:
Years of reign: 639-640.
Title: Yiqulishi Yĭpí Kěhàn (Yi-ch’ü-li-shih Yi-p’i K’o-han) (?)(?)(?)(?)乙毗可汗 in Chinese.
12 ) Baġatur Yipi Yabġu Qaġan:
Years of reign: 640-641.
Title: Mòhèduō Yĭpí Yèhù [Mo-ho-to Yi-p’i Ye-hu] 莫賀咄乙毗葉護 in Chinese.
13 ) Yipi Ïšbara Qaġan:
Years of reign: 641-642.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Biheduo Yèhù (Pi-ho-do Ye-hu) (?)(?)(?)葉護 in Chinese.
Title of Qaġanship: Yĭpí Shābōluó Kěhàn (Yi-p’i Sha-po-lo K’o-han) 乙毗沙鉢羅可汗 in Chinese.
14 ) Yipi Shegui Qaġan:
Years of reign: 642-649.
Title: Yĭpí Shèguì Kěhàn (Yi-p’i She-kui K’o-han) 乙毗射匱 in Chinese.
15 ) Ïšbara Qaġan:
Years of reign: 651-656.
Name: Āshǐnà Hèlǔ (A-shih-na Ho-lu) 阿史那賀魯 in Chinese.
Title: Ïšbara Qaġan in Turkic and Shābōluó Kěhàn (Sha-po-lo K’o-han) 沙鉢羅可汗 in Chinese.
16 ) Xingxiwang Qaġan and Jiwangjue Qaġan: Puppet qaġans appointed by the Táng (T’ang) 唐 Dynasty of China. They had civil war between each other.
Years of reign: 651-667.
Names: Xīngxīwáng Qaġan's name is Āshǐnà Míshe (A-shih-na Mi-she) 阿史那彌射 in Chinese, Jìwǎngjué Qaġan's name is Āshǐnà Bùzhēn (A-shih-na Pu-chen) 阿史那步真 in Chinese.
Titles: Āshǐnà Míshe’s 阿史那彌射 title is Xīngxīwáng Kěhàn (Hsing-hsi-wang K’o-han) 興昔亡可汗 in Chinese, Āshǐnà Bùzhēn’s 阿史那步真 title is Jìwǎngjué Kěhàn (Chi-wang-chüeh K’o-han) 繼往絕可汗 in Chinese.
17 ) Ashina Yuanqing and Jiezhong Shizhu Qaġan:
Years of reign: 667-692.
Names: Yuánqìng’s name is Āshǐnà Yuánqìng (A-shih-na Yüan-ch’ing) 阿史那元慶 in Chinese, Jiézhōng's name is Buli Húsèluó (Pu-li Hu-se-lo; Buli = Turkic Böri [Kurt]) (?)(?)斛瑟羅.
Titles: Húsèluó’s title is Jiézhōng Shìzhŭ Kěhàn (Chieh-chung Shih-chu K’o-han) 竭忠事主可汗 in Chinese.
18 ) First On Oq Qaġan: Rebellious
Years of reign: 677-679.
Name: Tuizi (T’ui-tzu) 俀子 in Chinese.
Title: On Oq Qaġan in Turkic and Shíxìng Kěhàn (Shih-hsing K’o-han) 十姓可汗 in Chinese.
19 ) Second On Oq Qaġan:
Years of reign: 704-716.
Name: Āshǐnà Huáidào (A-shih-na Huai-tao) 阿史那懷道 in Chinese.
Title: On Oq Qaġan in Turkic and Shíxìng Kěhàn (Shih-hsing K’o-han) 十姓可汗 in Chinese.
20 ) Ashina Xian: Even though he did not acquire the title Qaġan, he was sent by China to rule over the On Oq, people of the Western Celestial Turk Qaġanate.
Years of service: 705-717.
Name: Āshǐnà Xiàn (A-shih-na Hsien) 阿史那獻 in Chinese.
20 ) Third On Oq Qaġan:
Year of reign: 739.
Name: Āshǐnà Xīn (A-shih-na Hsin) 阿史那昕 in Chinese.
Title: On Oq Qaġan in Turkic and Shíxìng Kěhàn (Shih-hsing K’o-han) 十姓可汗 in Chinese.
Eastern Rulers:
1 ) Bumïn Il Qaġan:
Years of reign: 551-552.
Name: Bumïn or Tümän in Turkic, Tŭmèn (T’u-men) 土門 in Chinese.
Titles: Bumïn Il Qaġan in Turkic (Bumïn Qaġan in the inscriptions), βwmyn γ'γ'n in Soghdian and Tŭmèn Yīlì Kĕhàn (T’u-men Yi-li K’o-han) 土門伊利可汗 in Chinese.
2 ) Yixiji Qaġan:
Years of reign: 552-553.
Name: Qara in Turkic, Kēluó (K’o-lo) 科羅 in Chinese.
Title: Yĭxījì Kĕhàn (Yi-hsi-chi K’o-han) 乙息記可汗 in Chinese.
3 ) Mugan Qaġan:
Years of reign: 553-572.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Yāndū Sìjīn (Yen-tu Ssu-chin) 燕都俟斤 (Sìjīn 俟斤 = Irkin, a Turkic title) in Chinese.
Title of Qaġanship: If Mugan is Turkic, it should be Buqan or Buġan as words in Old Turkic could not start with the sound M; yet, the existence of a word or name in Turkic as Buqan or Buġan is unknown (however, the name of the Celestial Turk commander who attacked Crimea was written as Bukhanos Βουχανος in Greek). Mwγ'n γ'γ'n in Soghdian and Mùgān Kĕhàn (Mu-kan K’o-han) 木杆可汗 in Chinese.
4 ) Tapar/Taspar Qaġan:
Years of reign: 572-581.
Name: Possibly Tapar in Turkic, T’sp’r (Taspar) in Soghdian.
Title: T’sp’r γ'γ'n in Soghdian and Ta/Tuóbō Kěhàn (T’o-bo K’o-han) 佗鉢 in Chinese.
5 ) Anluo Qaġan: 菴羅:
Year of reign: 581
Name and title: Ānluó (An-lo) 菴羅 in Chinese, but it’s not known whether he got the title Qaġan or not.
(Civil War, Qaġanate divided between several rulers, Näväär unifies the state)
6 ) Ïšbara Qaġan:
Years of reign: 582-587.
Name: Nw’’r (Näväär/Ñevar/Nivar) in Soghdian and Shètú (She-t’u) / Niètú (Nie-t’u) 攝圖 in Chinese.
Titles: Ïšbara Qaġan in Turkic, Nw’’r γ'γ'n in Soghdian, Ĕrfú Kěhàn (Er-fu K’o-han) 爾伏可汗 and Shābōlüè Kěhàn (Sha-po-lüe K’o-han) 沙鉢略可汗 in Chinese.
7 ) Baġa Qaġan:
Years of reign: 587-588.
Name and title before becoming Qaġan: Possibly Čulluġ in Turkic, Yèhù Chŭluóhòu (Ye-hu Ch’u-lo-hou) 葉護處羅侯 (Yèhù 葉護 = Yabġu, autonomous ruler of a half of the state) in Chinese.
Title: Baġa Qaġan in Turkic, Mòhè Kěhàn (Mo-ho K’o-han) 莫賀可汗 in Chinese.
8 ) Dulan Qaġan:
Years of reign: 588-600.
Name: Yōngyúlǘ (Yung-yü-lü) 雍虞閭 in Chinese.
Title: Dū/Dōulán Kěhàn (Tu/Tou-lan K’o-han) 都蘭可汗 in Chinese.
9 ) Qimin Qaġan:
Years of reign: 600-609.
Name: Tūlì (T’u-li) 突利 in Chinese.
Title: Yīlìdou Qĭmín Kěhàn (Yi-li-tou Ch’i-min K’o-han) 伊利(?)啟民可汗 in Chinese.
10 ) Shibi Qaġan:
Years of reign: 609-619.
Name: Duōjíshì/Doují (Tuo-chi-shih/Tou-chi) 咄吉世 in Chinese.
Title: Shĭbì Kěhàn (Shih-pi K’o-han) 始畢可汗 in Chinese.
11 ) Tuli Qaġan:
Years of reign: 619-621.
Name: Possibly Čulluġ in Turkic, Chŭluóhòu (Ch’u-lo-hou) 處羅侯 in Chinese.
Titles: Yabġu Qaġan in Turkic, Tūlì Kěhàn (T’u-li K’o-han) 突利可汗 and Yèhù Kěhàn (Ye-hu K’o-han) 葉護可汗 in Chinese.
12 ) Illig Qaġan:
Years of reign: 621-630.
Name: Duōbì (To-bi) 咄苾 in Chinese.
Title: Il/Illig Qaġan in Turkic and Xié/Jiélì Kěhàn (Hsieh/Chieh-li K’o-han) 颉利可汗 / 頡利可汗 in Chinese.
(in 630, Táng [T’ang] 唐 Dynasty destroys the Eastern Qaġanate)
13 ) Dabu Qaġan: Rebellious.
Years of reign: 630-638.
Title: Dabu Kěhàn (Ta-pu K’o-han) (?)(?)可汗 in Chinese.
14 ) Yugu Šad:
Years of reign: 638-639.
Title: Yugu Shè (Yü-ku She) (?)(?)殺 in Chinese (Shè 殺 = Šad, a Turkic title used for general governors).
15 ) Yiminishusilipi Qaġan: Brought by the Táng (T’ang) 唐 Dynasty to the leadership of the Celestial Turks who were settled in China.
Years of reign: 641-643.
Name: Simo (Ssu-mo) (?)(?) in Chinese.
Title: Yiminishusilipi Kěhàn (Yi-mi-ni-shu-ssu-li-p’i K’o-han) (?)(?)(?)(?)(?)(?)(?)可汗 in Chinese.
16 ) Yizhu Chebi Qaġan: Rebellious.
Years of reign: 638/639-648/650.
Name: Hubo (Hu-po) (?)(?) in Chinese.
Titles: Chebi (Ch’e-pi) (?)(?) in Chinese in the beginning, later acquired the title Yizhu Chebi Kěhàn (Yi-chu Ch’e-pi K’o-han) (?)(?)(?)(?)可汗 in Chinese.
17 ) Ashina Nizäk Bäg Qaġan: Rebellious.
Years of reign: 679-680.
Name: Probably Nizäk Bäg in Soghdian-Turkic, Āshǐnà Níshúfú (A-shih-na Ni-shu-fu; Āshǐnà 阿史那 was the ruling tribe of this empire) 阿史那泥熟匐 in Chinese. The Chinese form of Soghdian Nîzäk is Níshú (Ni-shu) 泥熟; whereas Fú 匐 might have been used for Turkic Bäg (Chieftain).
18 ) Ashina Funian Qaġan: Rebellious.
Year of reign: 681.
Name: Āshǐnà Fúniàn (A-shih-na Fu-nien) 阿史那伏念 in Chinese.
19 ) Iltiriš Qaġan: Rebellious but successful.
Years of reign: 682-691.
Name: Qutluġ in Turkic, Āshĭnà Gǔduōlù (A-shih-na Ku-do-lu) 阿史那骨咄祿 in Chinese.
Titles: Qutluġ Qaġan and Iltiriš Qaġan in Turkic, Xié/Jiédiēlìshī Kěhàn (Hsieh/Chieh-tie-li-shih K’o-han) 頡跌利施可汗 and Gǔduōlù Kěhàn (Ku-to-lu K’o-han) 骨咄祿可汗 in Chinese.
20 ) Qapġan Qaġan:
Years of reign: 691-716.
Title before becoming Qaġan: There are view about this being Bögü or Bäg Čor in Turkic, but I support the Bäg Čor theory; Mòchuò (Mo-ch’o) 默啜 in Chinese.
Titles of Qaġanship: Bögü Qaġan and Qapghan Qaġan in Turkic, Mòchuò Kěhàn (Mo-ch’o K’o-han) 默啜可汗 in Chinese.
21 ) Inäl Qaġan:
Year of reign: 716.
Name: Might be Bögü in Turkic, Fújù (Fu-chü) 匐俱 in Chinese.
Title: Inäl Qaġan (according to one view, Ini Il-Qaġan; but I support the Inäl Qaġan theory) in Turkic, Yíniè Kěhàn (Yi-nie K’o-han) 移涅可汗 in Chinese.
22 ) Bilgä Qaġan:
Years of reign: 716-734.
Name: Mòjílián (Mo-chi-lien) 默棘連 in Chinese.
Title: Bilgä Qaġan in Turkic and Píjiā Kěhàn (P’i-chia K’o-han) 毗伽可汗 in Chinese.
23 ) Yiran Qaġan:
Years of reign: 734-740.
Title: Yīrán Kěhàn (Yi-jan K’o-han) 伊然可汗 in Chinese.
24 ) Täŋri Qaġan:
Years of reign: 740-741.
Title: Täŋri Qaġan in Turkic and Cheng/Dēnglì Kěhàn 登利可汗 in Chinese.
25 ) (name and title unknown; one of Bilgä Qaġan's sons)
26 ) (name and title unknown; one of Bilgä Qaġan's sons)
27 ) Qutluġ Yabġu:
Years of reign: 741-742.
Title: Qutluġ Yabġu in Turkic and Gǔduōlù Yèhù (Ku-to-lu Ye-hu) 骨咄祿葉護 in Chinese.
28 ) Ozmïš Qaġan:
Years of reign: 742-744.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Ozmïš Tigin.
Title of Qaġanship: Ozmïš Qaġan (some people read this as Özmiš but it is written Ozmïš in the inscriptions) in Turkic and Wūsūmĭshī Kěhàn (Wu-su-mi-shih K’o-han) 烏蘇米施可汗 in Chinese.
29 ) Baimei Qaġan:
Years of reign: 744-745.
Title: Báiméi Kěhàn (Pai-mei K’o-han) 白眉可汗 in Chinese; it might be Aqqaš Qaġan in Turkic because Báiméi 白眉 means White Eyebrowed in Chinese, but we have no written evidence.
Western Rulers:
1 ) Istämi Yabġu: Not independent
Years of Yabġuship: 552-576.
Name: Istämi in Turkic inscriptions; Silziboulos ΣΙΛΖΙΒΟΥΛΟΣ / Σιλζιβουλοσ, Dizaboulos ΔΙΖΑΒΟΥΛΟΣ / Διζαβουλοσ, Stembis ΣΤΕΜΒΙΣ / Στεμβισ in Greek; Sinjibû ﺴﻨﺠﺒﻮ in Arabic and Shìdiănmì (Shih-tien-mi) 室點蜜 / Shìdìmĭ (Shih-ti-mi) 室帝米 in Chinese.
Titles: Istämi Yabġu in Turkic (Istämi Qaġan in the inscriptions) and Shìdiănmì Yèhù (Shih-tien-mi Ye-hu) 室點蜜葉護 in Chinese.
2 ) Tardu Yabġu/Qaġan: Mostly accepted as independent, some say it's his successor who made the Western Qaġanate independent.
Years of reign: 576-603.
Name: Tardu in Turkic and Soghdian, Dátóu (Ta-t’ou) 達頭 in Chinese.
Titles: Tardu Yabġu/Qaġan in Turkic, Dátóu Kěhàn (Ta-t’ou K’o-han) 達頭可汗 and Bùjiā Kěhàn (Pu-chia K’o-han) 步迦可汗 in Chinese.
3 ) Chuluo Qaġan:
Years of reign: 603-611.
Name: Hésànà (Ho-sa-na) 曷薩那 in Chinese.
Title: Níjuē Chŭluó Kěhàn (Ni-chüeh Ch’u-lo K’o-han) 泥撅處羅可汗 in Chinese.
4 ) Shegui Qaġan:
Years of reign: 611-618.
Title: Shèguì Kěhàn (She-kui K’o-han) 射匱可汗 in Chinese.
5 ) Tong Yabġu Qaġan:
Years of reign: 618-630.
Title: Tǒng Yèhù Kěhàn (T’ung Ye-hu K’o-han) 統野護可汗 in Chinese.
(Rulers after these are vassals of Táng [T’ang] 唐 Dynasty; civil war starts)
6 ) Baġatur Küllüg Sipi Qaġan:
Year of reign: 630.
Titles before becoming Qaġan: Baġatur in Turkic which is Mòhèduō (Mo-ho-to) 莫賀咄 in Chinese and Yǎngsù Tèjìn (Yang-su T’e-chin) 鞅素特靳 (Tèjìn 特靳 = Tigin, prince).
Titles of Qaġanship: Mòhèduō Qūlì Sìpí Kěhàn (Mo-ho-to Ch'ü-li-ssu-p'i K’o-han; Qūlì 屈利 = Küllüg [Famous]) 莫賀咄屈利俟毗可汗, Hou Qūlìpí Kěhàn (Hou Ch'ü-li-p'i K'o-han) (?)屈利毗可汗 or Sì Qūlìsìpí Dūlù (Ssu Ch'ü-li-ssu-p'i Tu-lu) 俟屈利俟毗都陸 in Chinese
7 ) Yipi Boluo Si Yabġu Qaġan:
Years of reign: 630-633.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Xi/Tielì Tèjìn (Hsi/li T'e-chin) 咥利特靳 in Chinese.
Title of Qaġanship: Yĭpí Bōluó Sì/Lü Yèhù Kěhàn (Yi-p'i Po-lo Ssu Ye-hu K’o-han) 乙毗鉢羅肆葉護可汗 in Chinese.
8 ) Tarduš Qaġan:
Years of reign: 633-634.
Name: Nîzäk in Soghdian, Níshú (Ni-shu) 泥孰 in Chinese.
Title: Tarduš Qaġan in Turkic, Duōluó Kěhàn (To-lo K’o-han) 咄羅可汗 in Chinese.
9 ) Ïšbara Ýltiriš Qaġan:
Years of reign: 634-638.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Toŋa Šad in Turkic, Tóng’é Shè (T’ung-e She) 同俄殺 in Chinese.
Title of Qaġanship: Ïšbara Ýltiriš Qaġan in Turkic, Shābōluó Die/Xilìshī Kěhàn (Sha-po-lo Tie/Hsi-li-shih K’o-han) 沙鉢羅咥利失可汗 in Chinese.
(Civil war, the Qaġanate is divided into two)
10 ) Yipi Tarduš Qaġan:
Years of reign: 638-642.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Yugu Shè (?)(?)殺 in Chinese.
Title of Qaġanship: Tarduš Qaġan in Turkic, Yĭpí Duōluó Kěhàn (Yi-p’i To-lo K’o-han) 乙毗咄羅可汗 in Chinese.
11 ) Yiqulishi Yipi Qaġan:
Years of reign: 639-640.
Title: Yiqulishi Yĭpí Kěhàn (Yi-ch’ü-li-shih Yi-p’i K’o-han) (?)(?)(?)(?)乙毗可汗 in Chinese.
12 ) Baġatur Yipi Yabġu Qaġan:
Years of reign: 640-641.
Title: Mòhèduō Yĭpí Yèhù [Mo-ho-to Yi-p’i Ye-hu] 莫賀咄乙毗葉護 in Chinese.
13 ) Yipi Ïšbara Qaġan:
Years of reign: 641-642.
Title before becoming Qaġan: Biheduo Yèhù (Pi-ho-do Ye-hu) (?)(?)(?)葉護 in Chinese.
Title of Qaġanship: Yĭpí Shābōluó Kěhàn (Yi-p’i Sha-po-lo K’o-han) 乙毗沙鉢羅可汗 in Chinese.
14 ) Yipi Shegui Qaġan:
Years of reign: 642-649.
Title: Yĭpí Shèguì Kěhàn (Yi-p’i She-kui K’o-han) 乙毗射匱 in Chinese.
15 ) Ïšbara Qaġan:
Years of reign: 651-656.
Name: Āshǐnà Hèlǔ (A-shih-na Ho-lu) 阿史那賀魯 in Chinese.
Title: Ïšbara Qaġan in Turkic and Shābōluó Kěhàn (Sha-po-lo K’o-han) 沙鉢羅可汗 in Chinese.
16 ) Xingxiwang Qaġan and Jiwangjue Qaġan: Puppet qaġans appointed by the Táng (T’ang) 唐 Dynasty of China. They had civil war between each other.
Years of reign: 651-667.
Names: Xīngxīwáng Qaġan's name is Āshǐnà Míshe (A-shih-na Mi-she) 阿史那彌射 in Chinese, Jìwǎngjué Qaġan's name is Āshǐnà Bùzhēn (A-shih-na Pu-chen) 阿史那步真 in Chinese.
Titles: Āshǐnà Míshe’s 阿史那彌射 title is Xīngxīwáng Kěhàn (Hsing-hsi-wang K’o-han) 興昔亡可汗 in Chinese, Āshǐnà Bùzhēn’s 阿史那步真 title is Jìwǎngjué Kěhàn (Chi-wang-chüeh K’o-han) 繼往絕可汗 in Chinese.
17 ) Ashina Yuanqing and Jiezhong Shizhu Qaġan:
Years of reign: 667-692.
Names: Yuánqìng’s name is Āshǐnà Yuánqìng (A-shih-na Yüan-ch’ing) 阿史那元慶 in Chinese, Jiézhōng's name is Buli Húsèluó (Pu-li Hu-se-lo; Buli = Turkic Böri [Kurt]) (?)(?)斛瑟羅.
Titles: Húsèluó’s title is Jiézhōng Shìzhŭ Kěhàn (Chieh-chung Shih-chu K’o-han) 竭忠事主可汗 in Chinese.
18 ) First On Oq Qaġan: Rebellious
Years of reign: 677-679.
Name: Tuizi (T’ui-tzu) 俀子 in Chinese.
Title: On Oq Qaġan in Turkic and Shíxìng Kěhàn (Shih-hsing K’o-han) 十姓可汗 in Chinese.
19 ) Second On Oq Qaġan:
Years of reign: 704-716.
Name: Āshǐnà Huáidào (A-shih-na Huai-tao) 阿史那懷道 in Chinese.
Title: On Oq Qaġan in Turkic and Shíxìng Kěhàn (Shih-hsing K’o-han) 十姓可汗 in Chinese.
20 ) Ashina Xian: Even though he did not acquire the title Qaġan, he was sent by China to rule over the On Oq, people of the Western Celestial Turk Qaġanate.
Years of service: 705-717.
Name: Āshǐnà Xiàn (A-shih-na Hsien) 阿史那獻 in Chinese.
20 ) Third On Oq Qaġan:
Year of reign: 739.
Name: Āshǐnà Xīn (A-shih-na Hsin) 阿史那昕 in Chinese.
Title: On Oq Qaġan in Turkic and Shíxìng Kěhàn (Shih-hsing K’o-han) 十姓可汗 in Chinese.