Post by Temüjin on Sept 12, 2006 23:18:39 GMT 3
Cossacks were not organised along tribes like other steppe people but Cossacks always settled along rivers and went by that name. Voisko is generally translated in english as "host" but voisko means more proper army or Horde (ordu). all able male men were obliqued to serve in the military while the womenfolk worked on the fields and cared about the household.
the three original Cossack Voiskos were that of the Zaporozhians on the Dniepr, the Don Cossacks and the Volga Cossacks. the Zaporozhians were the first and the only host that was not controlled by Russia but Poland. at the end of the Russian empire, there were in all 11 Cossack Voiskos, most of them in Siberia which can be generally grouped in 3 more or less culturally different groups, the Don Cossacks, the Cossacks of the Caucasus (Kuban and Terek Cossacks) and the Siberian Cossack Voiskos.
in the Russian Civil War Cossacks generally backed the White Movement which led to their virtual extinction, most loyal Cossacks ending up in Gulags in Siberia. though, many Cossacks also took sides with the Reds. before ww2, the Red Army renamed few of its cavalry regiments to cossack regiments and when the 3. Reich invaded Russia, many of those soldiers defected to the Wehrmacht or were directly recrutied from territories who were inhabited by Cossacks that were controlled by Germany. those Cossacks joining the Wehrmacht eventually were all virtually annihilated in Austria at the end of the war by the Red Army because of British treachery. after the war the Red army was gradually mechanized and Cossacks as military unit ceased to exist forever. today, there is a growing Cossack revival movement of Cossacks in Russia and abroad.
so much for the background, now for the actual "tribes" (Voiskos):
Azovskoe Voisko
shortlived Voisko created in 1828 at the sea of Azov was again abolished in 1866.
Amurskoe Voisko
one of the eleven final Cossack Voiskos. located along the Chinese border in Russian Manchuria. capital was Blagoveshchensk.
Astrakhanskoe Voisko
one of the eleven final Cossack Voiskos. located along the lower Volga river. mainly composed of former Volga Cossacks. capital was Astrakhan.
Bashkirskoe Voisko
not actually Cossacks but the Bashkirs were organised along Cossack lines in a Voisko.
Bugskoe Voisko
shortlived Vosiko created in 1785 along the Bug river in Ukraine facing the Turkish border (Romania). abolished in 1817.
Voisko Butkalskikh Kazakov
created in 1775 and abolished in 1828. other than that i wasn't able to find any information at all about this host. maybe someone who knows Russian can help me?
Voisko Zaporozhskoe Nizovoe
probably the most famous of them all, the original Cossacks of the Dniepr. dissolved after the battle of Poltava 1709 when the Zaporozhian Cossacks under Ivan Mazeppa joined the Swedish Army under Carl XII durign the Great Northern War. the Zaporozhians were relocated to the Black Sea Coast afterwards. capital was the Zaporizhian Sich, modern Zaporizhia.
Voisko Zaporozhskoe Reyestrovoe
actually i don't know what is the differenc ebewteent he two hosts, anyone who knows Russian might help?
Volzhskoe Voisko
one of the oldes Voiskos located at the upper Volga, the Cossacks that first penetrated Siberia. dissolved after the Pugachev Rebellion 1775.
Grebenskoe Voisko
a small voisko located near the Caucasus, perhaps the predecessors of the Terek Cossacks.
Grecheskoe Voisko (Albanskoe)
no information about this voisko, probably also a Caucasian Voisko.
Donskoe Voisko
the longest living and also most well-known Cossacks from the Don river, one of the eleven final Voiskos was also one fo the biggest communities. officially established in 1570 (but in fact older) under Russian suzerainity, heroes of the 1812 invasion against Napoleon and one of the first and most fierce adversaries of the Red Movement in the Russian Civil War. captial at Monastyir, then Cherkassk and finally at Novo-Cherkassk, founded by the famous Don Cossack Ataman Matvei Platov of Napoleonic Wars fame.
Dunajskoe (Novorossijskoe) Voisko
shortlived Voisko established in 1828 at the russian black sea coast and disbanded again in 1868.
Yekaterinoslavskoe (Voznesenskoe) Vosiko[/u]
shortlived Vosiko established in 1787 at the Ukrainian Black Sea Coast by Cathrine the Great (Yekaterina Velikiya) and disbanded again upon her death in 1796.
Yenisejskoe Voisko[/u]
inofficiall 12th voisko, but too small. located along the Yenisej river in central siberia facign China (Mongolia). capital at Krasnoyarsk.
Zabajkalskoe Vosiko[/u]
one of the final eleven Voiskos, located next to lake Bajkal in central siberia facing China (Mongolia). capital was at Chita.
Krymskoe Tatarskoe Voisko[/u]
the Crimean Tatars were organized alongside Cossack lines between 1784 and 1796.
Kubanskoe Vosiko[/u]
one of the major Cossack vosikos, created after 1860 from the Black Sea Cossacks. also one of the final eleven Cossack vosikos located along the Kuban river of the northwestern Caucasus. capital at Ekaterinodar (Krasnodar today).
Nogajskoe Voisko[/u]
the Nogaj Tatars were also organized along Cossack lines.
Orenburgskoe Voisko[/u]
one of the final eleven Vosikos, located at the upper Ural river around Orenburg city which is also their capital.
Semirechenskoe Voisko[/u]
one of the final eleven Voiskos, located in an are called seven rivers what is today Khirgizstan and eastern Kazakhstan, facing China (Uyghurstan). capital at Vernyj (Almaty today).
Stavropolskoe Kalmykzkoe Voisko[/u]
the Kalmyks were also organized along Cossack lines.
Sibirskoe Voisko
one of the eleven final Cossack voiskos located along the river Irtysh, biggest and founding father of all other Cossack voiskos in Siberia. capital at Omsk.
Terskoe Voisko
a major voisko and one of the eleven final cossack voiskos located on the Terek river in northeast Caucasus. capital at Vladikavkaz.
Uralskoe Voisko
one of the final eleven Cossack voiskos located along the lower Ural river. formerly known as Yaik Cossacks (Yaik being the old name for Ural). capital at Uralsk.
Ussurijskoe Voisko
one of the final eleven Cossack voiskos located along the Ussurij river in Russian Manchuria. capital first at Vladivostok, then Iman today Dalnerchensk).
Ust-Dunajskoe Budzhakskoe Voisko[/u]
probably the most shortlived voiskos of them all. during the Russo-Turkish war of 1806-1812 the russians created the danube-delta voisko from zaporozhian cossacks that fled to Turkey (Romania) in the Budzhak region with Hetman Mazeppa after he and Carl XII were beaten at Poltava 1709. the voisko was established early in 1807 and disbanded at the end of the same year, the cossacks joinign the Black Sea Cosacks.
Chernomorskoe Voisko[/u]
the former Zaporozhian Cossacks that were relocated to the Russian Black Sea Coast after their defeat at Poltava. re-created in 1787, they became the Kuban Cossacks in 1860.
additions/corrections will be added when i get more infos.
the three original Cossack Voiskos were that of the Zaporozhians on the Dniepr, the Don Cossacks and the Volga Cossacks. the Zaporozhians were the first and the only host that was not controlled by Russia but Poland. at the end of the Russian empire, there were in all 11 Cossack Voiskos, most of them in Siberia which can be generally grouped in 3 more or less culturally different groups, the Don Cossacks, the Cossacks of the Caucasus (Kuban and Terek Cossacks) and the Siberian Cossack Voiskos.
in the Russian Civil War Cossacks generally backed the White Movement which led to their virtual extinction, most loyal Cossacks ending up in Gulags in Siberia. though, many Cossacks also took sides with the Reds. before ww2, the Red Army renamed few of its cavalry regiments to cossack regiments and when the 3. Reich invaded Russia, many of those soldiers defected to the Wehrmacht or were directly recrutied from territories who were inhabited by Cossacks that were controlled by Germany. those Cossacks joining the Wehrmacht eventually were all virtually annihilated in Austria at the end of the war by the Red Army because of British treachery. after the war the Red army was gradually mechanized and Cossacks as military unit ceased to exist forever. today, there is a growing Cossack revival movement of Cossacks in Russia and abroad.
so much for the background, now for the actual "tribes" (Voiskos):
Azovskoe Voisko
shortlived Voisko created in 1828 at the sea of Azov was again abolished in 1866.
Amurskoe Voisko
one of the eleven final Cossack Voiskos. located along the Chinese border in Russian Manchuria. capital was Blagoveshchensk.
Astrakhanskoe Voisko
one of the eleven final Cossack Voiskos. located along the lower Volga river. mainly composed of former Volga Cossacks. capital was Astrakhan.
Bashkirskoe Voisko
not actually Cossacks but the Bashkirs were organised along Cossack lines in a Voisko.
Bugskoe Voisko
shortlived Vosiko created in 1785 along the Bug river in Ukraine facing the Turkish border (Romania). abolished in 1817.
Voisko Butkalskikh Kazakov
created in 1775 and abolished in 1828. other than that i wasn't able to find any information at all about this host. maybe someone who knows Russian can help me?
Voisko Zaporozhskoe Nizovoe
probably the most famous of them all, the original Cossacks of the Dniepr. dissolved after the battle of Poltava 1709 when the Zaporozhian Cossacks under Ivan Mazeppa joined the Swedish Army under Carl XII durign the Great Northern War. the Zaporozhians were relocated to the Black Sea Coast afterwards. capital was the Zaporizhian Sich, modern Zaporizhia.
Voisko Zaporozhskoe Reyestrovoe
actually i don't know what is the differenc ebewteent he two hosts, anyone who knows Russian might help?
Volzhskoe Voisko
one of the oldes Voiskos located at the upper Volga, the Cossacks that first penetrated Siberia. dissolved after the Pugachev Rebellion 1775.
Grebenskoe Voisko
a small voisko located near the Caucasus, perhaps the predecessors of the Terek Cossacks.
Grecheskoe Voisko (Albanskoe)
no information about this voisko, probably also a Caucasian Voisko.
Donskoe Voisko
the longest living and also most well-known Cossacks from the Don river, one of the eleven final Voiskos was also one fo the biggest communities. officially established in 1570 (but in fact older) under Russian suzerainity, heroes of the 1812 invasion against Napoleon and one of the first and most fierce adversaries of the Red Movement in the Russian Civil War. captial at Monastyir, then Cherkassk and finally at Novo-Cherkassk, founded by the famous Don Cossack Ataman Matvei Platov of Napoleonic Wars fame.
Dunajskoe (Novorossijskoe) Voisko
shortlived Voisko established in 1828 at the russian black sea coast and disbanded again in 1868.
Yekaterinoslavskoe (Voznesenskoe) Vosiko[/u]
shortlived Vosiko established in 1787 at the Ukrainian Black Sea Coast by Cathrine the Great (Yekaterina Velikiya) and disbanded again upon her death in 1796.
Yenisejskoe Voisko[/u]
inofficiall 12th voisko, but too small. located along the Yenisej river in central siberia facign China (Mongolia). capital at Krasnoyarsk.
Zabajkalskoe Vosiko[/u]
one of the final eleven Voiskos, located next to lake Bajkal in central siberia facing China (Mongolia). capital was at Chita.
Krymskoe Tatarskoe Voisko[/u]
the Crimean Tatars were organized alongside Cossack lines between 1784 and 1796.
Kubanskoe Vosiko[/u]
one of the major Cossack vosikos, created after 1860 from the Black Sea Cossacks. also one of the final eleven Cossack vosikos located along the Kuban river of the northwestern Caucasus. capital at Ekaterinodar (Krasnodar today).
Nogajskoe Voisko[/u]
the Nogaj Tatars were also organized along Cossack lines.
Orenburgskoe Voisko[/u]
one of the final eleven Vosikos, located at the upper Ural river around Orenburg city which is also their capital.
Semirechenskoe Voisko[/u]
one of the final eleven Voiskos, located in an are called seven rivers what is today Khirgizstan and eastern Kazakhstan, facing China (Uyghurstan). capital at Vernyj (Almaty today).
Stavropolskoe Kalmykzkoe Voisko[/u]
the Kalmyks were also organized along Cossack lines.
Sibirskoe Voisko
one of the eleven final Cossack voiskos located along the river Irtysh, biggest and founding father of all other Cossack voiskos in Siberia. capital at Omsk.
Terskoe Voisko
a major voisko and one of the eleven final cossack voiskos located on the Terek river in northeast Caucasus. capital at Vladikavkaz.
Uralskoe Voisko
one of the final eleven Cossack voiskos located along the lower Ural river. formerly known as Yaik Cossacks (Yaik being the old name for Ural). capital at Uralsk.
Ussurijskoe Voisko
one of the final eleven Cossack voiskos located along the Ussurij river in Russian Manchuria. capital first at Vladivostok, then Iman today Dalnerchensk).
Ust-Dunajskoe Budzhakskoe Voisko[/u]
probably the most shortlived voiskos of them all. during the Russo-Turkish war of 1806-1812 the russians created the danube-delta voisko from zaporozhian cossacks that fled to Turkey (Romania) in the Budzhak region with Hetman Mazeppa after he and Carl XII were beaten at Poltava 1709. the voisko was established early in 1807 and disbanded at the end of the same year, the cossacks joinign the Black Sea Cosacks.
Chernomorskoe Voisko[/u]
the former Zaporozhian Cossacks that were relocated to the Russian Black Sea Coast after their defeat at Poltava. re-created in 1787, they became the Kuban Cossacks in 1860.
additions/corrections will be added when i get more infos.