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Post by ceonni on Feb 9, 2008 9:08:22 GMT 3
Yes, the ancient Turks celebrated the Hunnish New Year! (not the Persian New Year of Nowruz) To name a few: 1) The Hun Bolgars of the Kubrat Hordes 2) The Volga Bolgars who were Muslims during the Khazar Era 3) The Qarakhoja Uyghurs who established themselves in Turpan after the fall of the Karabalghasun Uyghur Khanate 4) The Ilkhanids of Iran www.fyjs.cn/bbs/read.php?tid=82394 Heavenly Stems Jia Yi Bing Ding Wu Ji Geng Xin Yin Gui version one
1. = elem, 2. –, 3. = večem, 4. = tütem, 5.= behtem, 6. = altem, 7. = čilem, 8. = sehtem, 9. = tvirem, 10.= version two
ALEM - first TUTOM - second CHITEM - third TVIREM - fourth VECHEM - fifth -sixth - seventhSHEHTEM - eighthELEM - tenth ENIALEM - eleventhALTEM -twelfth
-------------------------- Earthly Branches version one
SOMOR - Mouse SHEGOR - Bull - Tiger DVAN - Hare VER - Dragon DILOM - Snake TEKU - Horse -Sheep -Monkey TOH - thingy ETH - Dog DOHS - Wild boar
version two
www.kutriguri.com/culture_body_language.html
Somor = Year of The Rat (1st Year) Alem = 1st Month Shegor = Year of The Bull (2nd Year) Tutom = 2nd Month Ber /Bars = Year of The Tiger (3rd Year) Chitem = 3rd Month Dwansh = Year of The Hare (4th Year) Tvirem = 4th Month Vereni = Year of The Dragon (5th Year) Vechem = 5th Month Dilom = Year of The Snake (6th Year) ? = 6th Month Imeonshegor/ Djilki = Year of The Horse (7th Year) ? = 7th Month Tekoch = Year of The Ram (8th Year) ? = 8th Month ?/Bichin /Vidin = Year of the Monkey (9th Year) ? = 9th Month Tokh = Year of The Hen (10th Year) Elem = 10th Month Etkh = Year of The Dog (11th Year) Enialem = 11th Month Dokh = Year of The Swine (12th Year) Altem = 12th Month
somor Zi, shegor Chou, bars Ren, davshan Mao, ver samar Chen, dilom Si, tuki Wu, teke Wei, bichin Shen, tokh You, et Xu, doks Hai
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Post by ceonni on Feb 9, 2008 9:10:19 GMT 3
www.gnxp.com/MT2/archives/000405.html
The examples for 1th and 7th ; Hunnish(jordanes around 500 A.C) VER( = forThe river DNIEPR)= CHUVAS TURKIC=VAR= The main Turkic=ÖZ.. Volga Bulgarian ;(The scripts in 13rd and 14th centuries) JÜR=Chuvas Turkic=Jur= Turkic=Yüz, that is to say =FACE.. The example for 2nd and 3dh; Hsİungnu language (weİ-chu 437 year) ÇEªE (=ÇA'L'Ç)=(= STONE) Bulgar Turkic ÇAÇ(TAŞ.=STONE.. One for 4th and 6th Snake= Danube Bulgar (=DiLOM)=TURKIC(=YILAN)=SNAKE Cow= Danube Bulgarian(=şegor) Turkis(=Sigir)=COW ..............
www.kroraina.com/b_lang/bl_oldwords.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal...ulgarian_Khans
- Avitohol lived 300 years. His clan was Dulo and his year (of ascending to the throne) dilom tvirem.
- Irnik lived 150 years. His clan Dulo and his year dilom tverim.
- Gostun, the regent, 2 years. His clan Ermi and his year dokhs tvirem.
- Kurt ruled 60 years. His clan Dulo and his year shegor vechem.
- Bezmer 3 years and his clan Dulo and his year shegor vem (vechem).
[/size][/li][/ul] These five princes ruled the kingdom over the other side of the Danube for 515 years with shaven heads and after that came to this side of the Danube Asparuh knyaz and until now (rules). - Asparuh knyaz 61 years (ruled). His clan Dulo and his year vereni alem.
- Tervel 21 years. His clan Dulo and his year tekuchitem tvirem.
[/size][/li][/ul] (An additional ruler is sometimes inserted here, depending on the reading.) - Sevar 15 years. His clan Dulo and his year toh altom.
- Kormisosh 17 years. His clan Vokil and his year shegor tvirem.
- Vinekh 7 years. His clan Ukil. And his year (imen)shegor alem.
- Telets 3 years. His clan Ugain and his year somor altem.
- Umor (ruled) 40 days. His clan Ukil and his year dilom tutom.
[/size][/li][/ul] The italicized words are in the Bulgar language as given in the original manuscript and represent the year and month of ascending to the throne of each ruler according to the Bulgar calendar. Their translation is uncertain, but there appears to be a consensus that they are based on a system similar to the Chinese calendar (which was also adopted by many Turkic peoples and by the Mongols),witha cycle of 12 years, each bearing the name of an animal. The firstwordin each date is the name of the year, the second is an ordinal number designating the month.
Bulgar date Turkic theory (Vasil Zlatarski)[1] Iranian theory (Petar Dobrev)[2] dilom tviremSerpent, the 9thSerpent, the 4thdokhstviremBoar, the 9thBoar, the 4thshegor vechemOx, the 3rdOx, the5thvereni alemWolf (others: Dragon), the 1t (others:"additional")Dragon, the firsttekuchitem tviremDog (others:Horse,Sheep), the 9thHorse, the 4thtoh altomHen, the 6thPheasant, the12thshegor tviremOx, the 9thOx, the 4th(imen)shegor alemHorse, the 1st(others: "additional")Ox, the 1stsomor altemRodent, 6thRodent, 12thdilom tutomSerpent, 4thSerpent, 2nd
www.allempires.com/forum/foru....asp?TID=20020
Similarities of Chuvash and Ancient Bulgarlanguage weremade based on reading of Nominalia of Bulgarian Kings.Most of the wordsare the same for Turkic and Iranian meanings. See forinstance: dilom Tilok – a big worm (Pamirian). Archaic turkic *dIlan > comm. turkic yIlan tvirem Tuirea – four (Sanskrit) doks Tokhs – bad, fierce (Persian) shegor Sheg – a bull (Pamirian), turkic sIg~Ir "cattle," large quadruped. vechem Wjuch – five (Dardic) Wjuchem – fifth And others: vereni Vaireni – a dragon (Prakrit) veren < turkic evren "dragon", alem frontal, first (Talish)
toh Tukh – a hen (Pamirian) hung. tyu'k < og~uric *tIvuq < tutom Tutam – second (Persian)
www.kroraina.com/pb_lang/pbl_3_2.html
So we can be convinced that each calendar term of theProto-Bulgariansis a part of a harmonious system, which forms the basisof Proto-Bulgariancalendar dates. The mathematical solution suppliedthe following translationof the Proto-Bulgarian calendar terms: YEAR MONTH SOMOR - Mouse ALEM - first SHEGOR - Bull TUTOM - second CHITEM - third DVAN - Hare TVIREM - fourth VER - Dragon VECHEM - fifth DILOM - Snake SHEHTEM - sixth TEKU - Horse
TOH - thingy ELEM - tenth ETH - Dog ENIALEM - eleventh DOHS - Wild boarALTEM -twelfth, literally last So, the mathematical decoding of the Nominalia detected, for example,that the year DILOMand the month TVIREM correspond to the year of theSNAKE, the fourthmonth of the cyclic calendar. The procedure was appliedsuccessively toall calendar terms, it pointed that TOH ALTOM was the yearofthe thingy, the twelfth month. Likewise, TEKUCHITEM was determined tobethe year of the horse, the third month - only this translationsatisfiedall conditions of the Nominalia. inaplo.hu/na/naput_2006/2006_02/097.htm
A bolgár-török évek nevei: 1. év somor = egér, 2. év sygor = tehén, 3. év –, 4. év dvašan (daušan) = nyúl, 5. év verem = hosszú = szökőév, 6. év dilom = kígyó, 7. év *adgor = ló, 8. év tekü = juh, 9. év –, 10. év toh = tyúk, 11. év eth = kutya, 12. év dohs = disznó. (Zi Chou Ren Mao)
A hónapok neve: 1. = elem, 2. –, 3. = večem, 4. = tütem, 5.= behtem, 6. = altem, 7. = čilem, 8. = sehtem, 9. = tvirem, 10. –. (Jia Yi Bing Ding)
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Post by ceonni on Feb 9, 2008 9:10:54 GMT 3
www.panaryan.com/forum/archiv...hp/t-3977.htmlThe mathematical solution supplied the following translation of the Proto-Bulgarian calendar terms: YEAR MONTH SOMOR - Mouse ALEM - first SHEGOR - Bull TUTOM - second CHITEM - third DVAN - Hare TVIREM - fourth VER - Dragon VECHEM - fifth DILOM - Snake SHEHTEM - sixth TEKU - Horse TOH - thingy ELEM - tenth ETH - Dog ENIALEM - eleventh DOHS - Wild boar ALTEM -twelfth, literally last The mathematical deciphering places all calendar terms on theircorrectplaces. Let us examine briefly these so important for theBulgarianhistory dates: AVITOHOL. He assumed the throne in DILOMTVIREM (snake, fourth month).Alegendary progenitor of the Bulgars, he lived for 300 years.Counting300 years from the cyclic calendar we arrive in the year of thesnake,fourth month in which, according to the Nominalia, was bornIrnik. IRNIK. The second progenitor. Born in DILOMTVIREM (snake, fourthmonth).Lived for 150 years. Counting 150 years we arrive in the yearof thewild boar. GOSTUN. A deputy. Reigned for 2 years staring in DOHS TVIREM (wildboar,fourth month). Continuing for two more years, we correctly reachKOURT(Kubrat). KOURT (Kubrat). The renovator of Old Great Bulgaria. Starts inSHEGORVECHEM (bull, fifth month), 60 years. Counting these 60 years weagainarrive at the starting point, which is the beginning of the nextruler- BEZMER. BEZMER. Governed for 3 years, starting from the bull, fifth month (SCHEGOR VECHEM). ISPERIH. Founder of a new state and therefore entered in theNominaliawith his whole life span of 61 years, as the legendaryAVITOHOL and therenovator KUBRAT. Ascended the throne in VERENIELEM(dragon, eleventhmonth). TERVEL. Started in TEKU CHITEM (horse, third month) and ruled for 21 years. TVIREMIK (or Tvirelik). He was mentioned in History of Paisij asasTrivelius. Ascended the throne in the year of the DVAN (hare) inthesixth month (SHEHTEM) and ruled for 6 years. Latetranscribersintroduced an error here. SEVAR. The last of the clan DULO. He mounted the throne in TOH ALTOM (the year of the thingy, twelfth month). Ruled for 15 years. KORMISOSH. His first year of rule was SHEGOR TVIREM (bull, fourth month), and he ruled for 17 years. VINEH. Ascended the throne in IMENSHEGOR ALEM (horse, first month).Asecond name for the year of the horse is not uncommon - manypeopleshad two or even three names for the same year of the cycliccalendar.Thus, the Tadjiks near Pamir have three different names forthe year ofthe dog - SAK, VAFODOR and KUCHUK, and for the year of thewild boar -two (HUG and HUBON). TELEC. Assumed the throne in SOMOR ALTEM (mouse, eleventh month)andgoverned for three years. In June 763 he suffered a catastrophicdefeatand soon thereafter, not later than August, he was dethronedandprobably murdered. From SOMORALTEM, which corresponds to theeleventhmonth of the year 760 AD, to August 763 there are two years andninemonths, rounded by the authors of the Nominalia to three years. INTERREGNUM. This period is inferred indirectly. The first year of the next ruler UMOR is DILOMTUTOM(snake, second month) which corresponds to February 765 AD. Thatis,since the deposition of TELEC (August 763) Bulgaria was governedfor oneyear by a temporarily appointed person, or by an unpopularruler, whosename was omitted by the authors Nominalia. Exactly in thisperiod theByzantines mention the unpopular SABIN, who saved his lifeby takingrefuge in Constantinople. Obviously, his name wasintentionally omittedafter his infamous betrayal. UMOR. This last ruler of Nominalia ascended the throne in DILOMTUTOM(snake, second month) and governed for 40 days. That fits exactlytheinformation of the Byzantine sources, as in the summer of 765 ADtheByzantine emperor mounted a campaign against Bulgaria because ofthedeposition of Umor. First month ALEM Second month TUTOM Third month CHITEM Fourth monthTVIREM Fifth month VECHEM Sixth month SHEHTEM Tenth month ELEM Eleventh month ENIALEM Twelfth month ALTEM The solution is unique and the names of the months were derived byapurely mathematical way and not under the influence of anylinguisticor historical hypothesis. It is interesting to see, whichpeoples inthe world have (or had) a similar system of months. We cannot find a similar system among the Turkic peoples and theTurkiclanguages. For them the first month was BIRINCHI, the second -IKINCHI,the third - JUCHINCHI, etc. But the mathematical solution couldbe anartificial system which do not exist anywhere in the world. If itisindeed so, if that system was not known not only by the Turkic butbyany other peoples in the world, it would compromise completelyourmathematical exercises with the calendar. The obtainedsolution,although attractive, would be then unrealistic from alinguistic andhistorical point of view. In our quest for peoples which have (or had) a similar numericalsystemit would be appropriate to look first at one little knownbutparticularly interesting area - the Pamirs and the Hindu Kush,becauseaccording to the documentary sources it was the place wheretheProto-Bulgarian people was formed. There one still meets thefollowingcardinal numbers: AL - one OLAM - first, initial, ALIN - front TU - two TUOM, DUOM-second CHIT - three CHITEM, CHITAM - third ZFIR - four ZVIREM -fourthVUCH, VOCH - five VJUCHOM - fifth SHEH - six SHEHEM - sixth IL - ten ILEM - tenth We have almost the entire numerical system, produced by themathematicalsolution of the Proto-Bulgarian calendar terms, stillpresent in thePamirs and in the Hindu Kush. It was common in thementioned area sinceoldest times - its signs were discovered in Khotanhandwritings from thethird, fourth century BC. The same system ofcounting is also foundamong peoples, emigrated from these areas a longtime ago. It ispartially preserved at present in the Eastern Caucasus,once affected bymigration from the Pamirs. Some of the above cardinalnumbers are usedeven as calendar terms. Caucasian examples (Dagestani): AL - one, ALHEN - first month SHI - three DIA - four PHI, VID - five EL - ten In Caucasus and Dagestan, however, only the roots of these numberswerepreserved, and they changed a lot: SHI instead of CHIT, DIA instedofTVIR, VID instead of VECH, etc. It shows they were taken fromoutsideby the Caucasusian peoples, as individual words and not as awholesystem. Distant similarities are also found in the Georgian language, whereERTresembles our AL (one) and ERMETI corresponds to our ALEM(eleventh). There are stronger parallels among some Celtic peoples, for exampletheCymmrs, whose name reminds of the legendary eastern Cimmerians: AL - one, ALEN - first, initial TU, DU - two PIS - five, FIS - fifth. In earlier times the word EL - ten, was also used. It led to the English ELEVEN - literally "ten and one". The vestiges of the Proto-Bulgarian cardinal numbers are mostpronouncedin the Pamirs and in the Hindu Kush. Indicative is thattraces of thissystem were found exactly in those areas, that were oncepopulated bypeoples from the Pamirs. The mathematical deciphering of the Nominalia is completelyharmoniouswith the characteristics of the Proto-Bulgarians derived fromthe otherbranches of science.
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Post by ceonni on Feb 9, 2008 9:11:20 GMT 3
The Beginning of the Ancient Bulgarian Chronology It is known that the ancient Bulgarians knew the basic laws ofmotion ofthe planets and the Earth around the Sun perfectly, andbecause of thatthey possess the most impeccable calendar ever created. The ancient Bulgarian calendar is based on observations of Jupiterandthe Sun and is more precise than the modern Western(Gregorian)calendarwe use today. Under the ancient Bulgarian Calendar system, the year has 365 (or366)days, 4 quarters, 52 weeks and 13 months, of which the 13-thconsistsof only 1 day (the New Year Day). Therefore, every year, thesame datealways falls on the same day of the week! In the 1970s,non-Bulgarianscientists raised the question in UNESCO, whether thiscalendar shouldbe proclaimed the one for the entire world. "The ancient Bulgarian calendar proves to be the most accurate calendarsystem in existence." - UNESCO In the ancient Bulgarian chronology, there are periods of 3, 10, 12,17,19, 21, 30, 47, 50, 53, 300, 600, 4332, etc. ancient Bulgarianyearsthat are used both as denominators and intervals of time. Thelongestone is of 6328 ancient Bulgarian years. It is mentioned inthefragmentary inscription of Khan Omurtag and refers to the year 823AD.The text consists of 14 lines, probably the concluding part ofacontract between Danube Bulgaria and the Eastern Roman Empire.Theinscription is carved with beautiful letters on a marble stonemostprobably from the capital town of Pliska. Here is what it reads: “[…of the ruler] the name is [Khan Omurtag Juvigi]. The year of the appearance of the true god was 6328. They made a sacrifice and they swore in the written in the books [mutual contracts]…” This historic source may be accepted as a proof of the earlybeginningof the chronology of the Bulgarian calendar. According to thecounts ofthe great Bulgarian historian Professor Vassil Zlatarski thebeginningis the year 5505 BC( slavs weren't an etnic group whentheprotobulgarian calendar started to count). Therefore, we cancalculatethat the year, 2001 AD, is the year 7506 of the ancientBulgarianchronology. Thus, the Bulgarians are the people with the mostancientsystem of measuring time – a fact, which indicates theirearlycivilizing force. Animal figures of the ancient Bulgarian calendar: 1. Bore, Swine, Pig{In Bulgarian: Dok(s)} 2. Mouse {In Bulgarian: Karan, Sursu, Somor, Shashi} 3. Ox {In Bulgarian: Volyach, Buza, Bison, Shegor} 4. Snow Leopard {In Bulgarian: Bars, Parus, Boris} 5. Hare {In Bulgarian: Dvansh} 6. Dragon {In Bulgarian: Ver, Kala, Hala, Drakon, Lamya} 7. Snake {In Bulgarian: Attila, Dilom, Slav} 8. Horse {In Bulgarian: Alasha, Tag, Tek, Tih} 9. Monkey {In Bulgarian: Maimun(a), Pisin, Shebek} 10. Ram {In Bulgarian: Rassate, Saver, Sever} 11. Rooster {In Bulgarian: Tah, Toh} 12. Dog {In Bulgarian: Kuche, Eth, Iht, Mugel} bgclub.sa.utoronto.ca/bulgariancalendar.htmwww.ancient-bulgaria.com/imag...ulgarian_1.jpg
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Post by ceonni on Feb 9, 2008 9:17:47 GMT 3
#Chinese nameLong.Zodiac sign Chinese-Uighur calendarIn 1258, when both China and the Islamic world were part of the Mongol Empire, Hulagu Khan established an observatory in Maragheh for the astronomer Nasir al-Din al-Tusi at which a few Chinese astronomers were present, resulting in the Chinese-Uighur calendar that al-Tusi describes in his Zij-i Ilkhani. [1] The twelve year cycle, including Turkish/Mongolian translations of the animal names (known as sanawat-e turkiسنوات ترکی,) remained in use for chronology, historiography, andbureaucratic purposes in the Persian and Turkish speaking world fromAsia Minor to India throughout the Medieval and Early Modern periods.In Iran it remained common in agricultural records and tax assessmentsuntil a 1925 law deprecated its use. Uygur Months Order: 1)Twelve Gods of Kin-Cuu=2)Earthly Stem=3)Uyghur Transliteration of Chinese terms=4)Uygur Translation=5)Han Chinese month name=6)Greek Zodiac 1 Jian=Ren Tiger=kin=turmaq=Zheng=Pisces 2 Chu=Mao Rabit=čuu=kitärmäk=Xing=Ares 3 Man=Chen Dragon=man=tolmaq=Tao=Taurus 4 Ping=Si Snake=pi=tüz=Mei=Gemini 5 Ding=Wu Horse=ti=ornanmaq=Liu=Cancer 6 Zhi=Wei Sheep=čip=tutmaq=He=Leo 7 Po=Shen Monkey=pa=buzulmaq=Lan=Virgo 8 Wei=You Chicken=kun=alp yol=Gui=Libra 9 Cheng=Xu Dog=či=bü(rü)tmäk=Ju=Scorpio 10 Shou=Hai Pig=šiu/šu=qoiγu(termäk)=Liang=Saggitarius 11 Kai=Zi Mouse=qai=ačïlmaq=Dong=Capricon 12 Bi=Chou Bull=pii=turγurmaq=La=Aquarius Astronomy Further information: Zij-i IlkhaniTusi convinced Hulegu Khan to construct an observatory for establishing accurate astronomical tables for better astrological predictions. Beginning in 1259, the Rasad Khaneh observatory was constructed west of Maragheh, the capital of the Ilkhanate Empire. Based on the observations in this for the time being most advanced observatory, Tusi made very accurate tables of planetary movements as depicted in his book Zij-i ilkhani ( Ilkhanic Tables).This book contains astronomical tables for calculating the positions ofthe planets and the names of the stars. His model for the planetarysystem is believed to be the most advanced of his time, and was usedextensively until the development of the heliocentric model in the timeof Nicolaus Copernicus. Between Ptolemy and Copernicus,he is considered by many to be one of the most eminent astronomers ofhis time, and his work and theory in astronomy can also be compared tothat of the Chinese scientist Shen Kuo ( 1031- 1095 AD). For his planetary models, he invented a geometrical technique called a Tusi-couple, which generates linear motion from the sum of two circular motions. He used this technique to replace Ptolemy's problematic equant, and it was later employed in Ibn al-Shatir's geocentric model and Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric Copernican model. He also calculated the value for the annual precession of the equinoxes and contributed to the construction and usage of some astronomical instruments including the astrolabe. Tusi was also the first to present empirical observational evidence of the Earth's rotation, using the location of cometsrelevant to the Earth as evidence, which Ali al-Qushji elaborated onwith further empirical observations. The arguments of Tusi were similarto the arguments later used by Copernicus in 1543 to explain theEarth's rotation. [3]Farid Alakbarov (Summer 2001). A 13th-Century Darwin? Tusi's Views on Evolution, Azerbaijan International O'Connor, John J; Edmund F. Robertson " Nasir al-Din al-Tusi". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. External links
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Post by ceonni on Feb 9, 2008 9:19:36 GMT 3
Zij-i Ilkhani or Ilkhanic Tables (literal translation: "The Ilkhan Stars", after ilkhan Hulagu, who was the patron of the author at that time) is a book with astronomical tables of planetary movements by a Persian astronomer Nasir al-Din al-Tusi in collaboration with other astronomers at the Maragha observatory. It was written in Persian and later translated into Arabic. The book contains tables for calculating the positions of theplanets and the names of the stars. It included data derived from theobservations of the stars and planets over 12 years in the Maraghaobservatory, completed in 1272. The planetary system of Tusi was themost advanced of his period and was used extensively until thedevelopment of the heliocentric model in the time of Copernicus. The book also describes a method of interpolation between the observed positions, which in modern terms may be described as a second-order interpolation scheme. History Hulagu Khan believed that many his military successes were due to the advice of astronomers (who were also astrologers),especially of al-Tusi. Therefore when al-Tusi complained that hisastromical tables were 250 years old, Hulagu gave permission to build anew observatory in a place of al-Tusi's choice (he chose Maragheh). A number of other prominent astronomers worked with al-Tusi there, such as Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi, Mu'ayyid al-Din al-'Urdi, from Damascus, Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, and Hulagu's Chinese astronomer Fao Munji (?) whose Chinese astronomical experience brought improvements to Ptolemaic system used by al-Tusi - traces of the Chinese system may be seen in Zij-i Ilkhani. The tables were published during the reign of Abaqa Khan, Hulagu's son, and named after the patron of the observatory. They were popular until the 15th century. References - Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Zij-i Ilkhani, British Museum, MS Or.7464.
- J. A. Boyle, "The Longer Introduction to the Zij-i Ilkhani of Nasir ad-Din Tusi", Journal of Semitic Studies (1963) 8(2), pp.244-254
- E. S. Kennedy, A Survey of Islamic Astronomical Tables, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, (1956) 46(2), pp. 3, 39-40.
- Javad H. Zadeh,"A Second Order Interpolation Scheme Described in the Zij-i Ilkhani ", Historia Mathematica (1985) vol. 12, pp. 56-59.
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Post by ceonni on Feb 9, 2008 9:21:25 GMT 3
Turkic peopleThe European Huns used the Chinese Zodiac complete with "dragon", "pig". This common Chinese-Turkic Zodiac was in use in Balkan Bulgaria well into the Bulgars' adoption of Slavic language and Orthodox Christianity. Following is the Hunnish or Turkic Bulgarian Pagan zodiac calendar, distinctive from the Greek zodiac but much in conformity with the Chinese one: [ edit] Kam-Boyan Calendar [ edit] Torè calendarNames of years [/li][li]Kuzgé - [Year of] Saravana[/li][li]Shiger (Syger) - Artom (Taurus)[/li][li]Kuman (Imén)[/li][li]Ügur - Tiger Myachè Ügur - Tiger[/li][li]Taushan - Rabbit[/li][li]Samar - Dragon Birgün (Bergen, Birig, Baradj)- Dragon[/li][li]Dilan - Snake[/li][li]Tuki (Tykha) - Horse[/li][li]Téké - Sheep (Ram or Goat)[/li][li]Bichin, Michin - Monkey[/li][li]Tavuk - Rooster, Hen (also written tağuk— ğ is pronounced as v in Turk. verbs döğmek and öğmek)[/li][li]It - Dog[/li][li]Shushma - Pig (many mistake it as boar though)(Turk., Russ. "Kaban" - Translator's Note, also cognate of Turkish şişman, "fat") In Kazakhstan, animal cycle similar to the Chinese is used, by the dragon is substituted by a snail ( Kazakh: улу), and tiger appears as a leopard ( Kazakh: барыс).
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Post by ceonni on Feb 9, 2008 9:21:57 GMT 3
Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Nominalia of the Bulgarian Khans) Jump to: navigation, search The Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans ( Bulgarian: Именник на българските ханове) is a short manuscript containing the names of some early Bulgarian rulers, their clans, the year of their ascending to the throne and the length of their rule, including the times of joint rule and civil war. The Nominalia was found by the Russian scholar Alexander Popov,during his research on Russian chronographers. So far, three Russiancopies of the document have been found. The earliest of them, the " Uvarov transcript" [1], dates from the 15th century and the other two, the Pogodin and Moscow transcripts, from the 16th century.There are certain differences in the names' spellings in themanuscripts. Despite the commonly accepted name of the nominalia, noneof them uses the Central Asian title khan. Only Asparuh (the founder of Danube Bulgaria) and his five predecessors are assigned a title, and that is the Slavonic title knyaz. [ edit] The "Uvarov transcript" text Авитохолъ житъ лет. ~т. род ему Дуло. а лет ему диломъ твирем.Ирник. житъ лет. ~(ри). род ему Дуло. а лет ему дилом твeримь. Гостунънаместникь сьï два лета. род ему. Ерми. а лет ему дохсъ. втиремь. Курт:60 лет дръжа. род ему Дуло. а лет ему шегоръ вечемь. Безмеръ ~г. лет. арод ему Дуло. а лет ему шегоръ вемь. сii ~е княз. дръжаше княженïеобону страну Дуная. летъ. ~ф. ~(еi). остриженами главами. И потомпрiиде на страну Дунаа. Исперих княз тожде и доселе. Есперих княз. 61лет. род Дуло. а лет ему верени алем. Тервен. -к~а. лето. род ему Дуло.а лет ему текучитем. твирем. ~(ки). лет. род ему Дуло. а род емудваншехтем. Севаръ. ~(еl). лет. род ему Дуло. а лет ему тохалтом.Кормисошь. ~(зi). лет. род ему Вокиль. а лет ему шегоръ твиремь. Сiи жекняз измени род Дулов. рекше Вихтунь. Винех. ~з. лет. а род ему Оукиль.а летъ ему имаше Горалемь. Телець. ~г. лета. род Оугаинь. а лет емусоморъ. алтемь. И сïй иного рад. Оуморъ. ~м. днïи. род ему Оукиль а емудилом тоутом." Avitoxol` zhit` let. ~t. rod emu Dulo. a let emu dilom` tvirem.Irnik. zhit` let. ~(ri). rod emu Dulo. a let emu dilom tverim'. Gostun`namestnik' s'ï dva leta. rod emu. Ermi. a let emu doxs`. vtirem'. Kurt:60 let dr`zha. rod emu Dulo. a let emu shegor` vechem'. Bezmer` ~g. let. arod emu Dulo. a let emu shegor` vem'. sii ~e knyaz. dr`zhashe knyazhenïeobonu stranu Dunaya. let`. ~f. ~(ei). ostrizhenami glavami. I potompriide na stranu Dunaa. Isperix knyaz tozhde i dosele. Esperix knyaz. 61let. rod Dulo. a let emu vereni alem. Terven. -k~a. leto. rod emu Dulo.a let emu tekuchitem. tvirem. ~(ki). let. rod emu Dulo. a rod emudvanshextem. Sevar`. ~(el). let. rod emu Dulo. a let emu toxaltom.Kormisosh' . ~(zi). let. rod emu Vokil'. a let emu shegor` tvirem'. Sii zheknyaz izmeni rod Dulov. rekshe Vixtun'. Vinex. ~z. let. a rod emu Oukil'.a let` emu imashe Goralem'. Telec'. ~g. leta. rod Ougain'. a let emusomor`. altem'. I sïj inogo rad. Oumor`. ~m. dnïi. rod emu Oukil' a emudilom toutom." [ edit] Translation - Avitohol lived 300 years. His clan was Dulo and his year (of ascending to the throne) dilom tvirem.
- Irnik lived 150 years. His clan Dulo and his year dilom tverim.
- Gostun, the regent, 2 years. His clan Ermi and his year dokhs tvirem.
- Kurt ruled 60 years. His clan Dulo and his year shegor vechem.
- Bezmer 3 years and his clan Dulo and his year shegor vem (vechem).
These five princes ruled the kingdom over the other side of the Danube for 515 years with shaven heads and after that came to this side of the Danube Asparuh knyaz and until now (rules). - Asparuh knyaz 61 years (ruled). His clan Dulo and his year vereni alem.
- Tervel 21 years. His clan Dulo and his year tekuchitem tvirem.
(An additional ruler is sometimes inserted here, depending on the reading.) - Sevar 15 years. His clan Dulo and his year toh altom.
- Kormisosh 17 years. His clan Vokil and his year shegor tvirem.
- Vinekh 7 years. His clan Ukil. And his year (imen)shegor alem.
- Telets 3 years. His clan Ugain and his year somor altem.
- Umor (ruled) 40 days. His clan Ukil and his year dilom tutom.
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Post by ceonni on Feb 9, 2008 9:26:23 GMT 3
The italicized words are in the Bulgar language as given in the original manuscript and represent the year and month of ascending to the throne of each ruler according to the Bulgar calendar. Their translation is uncertain, but there appears to be a consensus that they are based on a system similar to the Chinese calendar (which was also adopted by many Turkic peoples and by the Mongols),with a cycle of 12 years, each bearing the name of an animal. The firstword in each date is the name of the year, the second is an ordinal number designating the month. There are widely diverging translations of the nominalia andespecially of the Bulgar dates. This is partly due to the difficulty inidentifying word boundaries, but the greatest differences today are dueto the contrast between the traditional analysis of Bulgar as a Turkic language and Petar Dobrev's recently advanced proposal that it was an Iranian, more specifically Pamiri language. The "Turkic" reading, along with the "cyclic calendar" interpretation itself, was originally proposed by Finnish SlavistJooseppi Julius Mikkola in 1913. Later, there have been variousmodifications and elaborations during the 20th century by scholars suchas Géza Fehér, Omeljan Pritsak,and Mosko Moskov. Dobrev's "Iranian" reading actually preserves all butone of the previous translations of the year names, arguing that theTurkic names of the animals, far from proving that the Bulgars wereTurkic, show that the Turkic peoples had borrowed these words from theBulgars. He does change the numbers of the months. The following table shows two interpretations - one of the earliestversions of the "classical" Turkic one by Zlatarski (1918, adheringclosely to Mikkola) and the "Iranian" one by Dobrev (1994). [/url]Iranian theory (Petar Dobrev) [2][/tr][tr][td]dilom tvirem[/td][td]Serpent, the 9th[/td][td]Serpent, the 4th[/td][/tr][tr][td]dokhs tvirem[/td][td]Boar, the 9th[/td][td]Boar, the 4th[/td][/tr][tr][td]shegor vechem[/td][td]Ox, the 3rd[/td][td]Ox, the 5th[/td][/tr][tr][td]vereni alem[/td][td]Wolf (others: Dragon), the 1t (others: "additional")[/td][td]Dragon, the first[/td][/tr][tr][td]tekuchitem tvirem[/td][td]Dog (others:Horse, Sheep), the 9th[/td][td]Horse, the 4th[/td][/tr][tr][td]toh altom[/td][td]Hen, the 6th[/td][td]Pheasant, the 12th[/td][/tr][tr][td]shegor tvirem[/td][td]Ox, the 9th[/td][td]Ox, the 4th[/td][/tr][tr][td](imen)shegor alem[/td][td]Horse, the 1st (others: "additional")[/td][td]Ox, the 1st[/td][/tr][tr][td]somor altem[/td][td]Rodent, 6th[/td][td]Rodent, 12th[/td][/tr][tr][td]dilom tutom[/td][td]Serpent, 4th[/td][td]Serpent, 2nd[/td][/tr][/table] [ edit] References [/li][li] Zlataski, Vasil. 1918. Istoriya na balgarskata darzhava prez srednite vekove. Balgarsko letobroene (in Bulgarian)[/li][li] Inscriptions and Alphabet of the Proto-Bulgarians, by Peter DobrevRetrieved from " en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominalia_of_the_Bulgarian_khans" Categories: East Slavic manuscripts | History of Bulgaria | King lists
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Post by ceonni on Feb 9, 2008 9:44:12 GMT 3
Home Back In RussianBesenyos, Ogur and Oguz Alans and Ases KipchaksAlan Dateline Bulgar Dateline Huns Dateline Kipchak Dateline Sabir Dateline Djagfar Tarihi Contents ·Djagfar Tarihi Preface · Volume 1 · Volume 1 Appendix · Volume 2 · Volume 3DJAGFAR TARIHI ANNALS OF DJAGFARVolume 3 Gazi Baba KAM-BOYAN and TORÈ CALENDARS <=PreviousNext =>Translator's NotesClick here for more details about Bulgarian Calendars, Holidays and religious traditions and rituals, assembled in the Djagfar Tarihi Annals. Kam-Boyan and Torè Calendars
(Based on Gazi-Baba records) 107Kam-Boyan CalendarTorè CalendarNames of years1Kuzgé - [Year of] Mouse 2 Shiger (Syger) - Bull (Taurus) 3Kuman (Imén) 4Ügur - TigerMyachè Ügur - Tiger5Taushan - Hare 6Samar - DragonBirgün (Bergen, Birig, Baradj)- Dragon7Dilan - Snake 8Tuki (Tykha) - Horse 9Téké - Sheep (Ram) 10Bichin, Michin - Monkey 11Taguk - Rooster, Hen 12It - Dog 13Shushma - Boar (Türk, Russ "Kaban" - Translator's Note) Names of monthsAlem - first (March) . . . (Month of Sémbér) - MarchIkendem - Second (April) Éschem - Third (May)Bischem (Female month) - MayTuutem - Fourth (June) Bilem - Fifth (July) Altem - Sixth (August) Jidem - Seventh (September)Item - SeptemberSiger Alem, Sigezem - Eighth (October)Sygydém (month of lament for dead) - OctoberTugerem - Ninth (November)Tayrem (Prayer month) – NovemberUnim - Tenth (December)Ektén (month of deseased) - DecemberUlug Alem - Eleventh (January) Éné Alem - Twelfth (February) Bush Alem - Thirtennth (used in the 19-year cycle, it was used after the 12th year, for the remaining 7 years ). Names for days of the weekArna Bashi - Monday 108Ordu Ken - Tuesday Kan Ken - Wednesday Kichi Arna - Thursday Kuk Arna Ken - Friday Shambat Ken - Saturday Yak (Arna) Ken - Sunday
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Post by ceonni on Feb 9, 2008 9:45:20 GMT 3
Translator's NotesIn addition to the names of years recorded in the Kam-Boyan and Torè Calendars chapter of Djagfar Tarihi Volume 3, there are also various references to the year-names and their dialectal pronunciation elsewhere in these Annals. The table below shows some of them, without attribution to their dialectal, ethnical, or ritual source. 1MouseKuzgé Sember SomorSychkanTychkan 2Ox (Cow, Bull, Taurus)Oguz ShegorShigerSyerSygerUdUgerUgez 2A IménKuman 3Tiger (Lion, Leo)BarsBarysBorisBurèMyachè ÜgurParusÜgur 4Hare DvanshDavshanTaushanTavysh-kan 5DragonBaradjBergenBirgün BirigDrakonHalaKalaKèltè (lizard)LamyaLeu Samar VerBalyk 6SnakeDilan DilomDjilan 7HorseDjelkyMurènTag Tek(u)TihTuki TykhaUnd 8Sheep (Ram)KoyRassateSaverSeverTéké 9MonkeyBichinMaimun(a)Michin PisinShebekKerpe (Hedgehog) 10Hen (Rooster)EtechTaguk TagykTah TohTavyk 11DogEtEthIhtItKucheOimek 12Boar Doh(s)Dok(s)KabanKylvanShushma Taygas Volume 2 Part 3 Page 120CALENDAR OF BULGARS (citation)To calculate in the Bulgarian 12-year cycle calendar the current year of a Gregorian calendar, deduct 3 from the last, then divide the result into 12. The remainder of the division will be a sequential number of the year in the Bulgarian cycle, and an exact division means the 12-th year of a cycle. Translator's NotesExamples:Atilla was born in 406 AD, 406/12 => reminder 10, Year of Horse Bulyak-Bolgar Djilki or "Boloh" was born in 490 AD, 490/12 => reminder 10, Year of Horse, and he received the name Djilki ("Horse")Ruja-Djurash Masgut founded city of Bichin - "Monkey" (Vidin)in 492 AD, 492/12 => 0, Year of Monkey Atille Asparuh Küngrat was born in 634 AD, 634/12 => 10, the Year of a Horse Suvar is raised to the Danube Bulgaria throne in 727 AD, 727/12 => 7, the Year of a Hare, was deposed by a boyar's revolt in 740 AD, 740/12 => 8, the Year of a Dragon, and died in 742 AD, 742/12 => 10, the Year of a Horse Teles was raised a co-ruler of the Danube Bulgaria 762 AD, 762/12 => 6, the Year of a Tiger Volume 2 Page 121MONTHS OF THE SOLAR HIDJARA (Moslem period)Months of the European calendarMonths of the solar hidjara Number of daysMarch1. Hemel (Aries, Kuzy - lamb)1-31April 2. Sever (Taurus, Ugez - bull)1-30May3. Jeuze (Gemini, Igezek - twins)1-31June 4. Sereten (Cancer, Kysla - crab)1 - 30 July 5. Asad (Leo, Aryslan - lion)1 - 31August6. Sonbel (Virgo, Kyz - maiden)1 - 31September 7. Mizan (Libra, Bizmen - balance weights)1 - 30October 8. Gakrab (Scorpio, Chayan - scorpion)1 - 31November 9. Kaves (Sagittarious, Ukchy, Djeja - archer )1 - 30 December 10. Jedi (Capricorn, Keje)1 - 31 January 11. Dèlu (Aquarious, Chilek)1 - 31February 12. Hut (Pisces, Balyk)1 - 28 (29) <=PreviousNext => Djagfar Tarihi Contents ·Djagfar Tarihi Preface · Volume 1 · Volume 1 Appendix · Volume 2 · Volume 3Home Back In RussianBesenyos, Ogur and Oguz Alans and Ases KipchaksAlan Dateline Bulgar Dateline Huns Dateline Kipchak Dateline Sabir Dateline©TurkicWorld
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Post by Temüjin on Feb 9, 2008 22:12:24 GMT 3
thats a huge copy & paste job here...
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Post by H. İhsan Erkoç on Feb 9, 2008 22:49:28 GMT 3
Yes indeed
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